Agriculture Program at G H Raisoni International Skill Tech University Pune
The Vanguard of Innovation: What is Agriculture?
At its most fundamental level, agriculture is the science and art of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock. It has been humanity's cornerstone since the dawn of civilization, evolving from subsistence farming to a complex, technologically advanced sector that feeds billions and sustains economies. In the 21st century, agriculture has transcended its traditional boundaries to become an interdisciplinary field that integrates biotechnology, data science, environmental sustainability, precision farming, agronomy, soil science, and even artificial intelligence. This transformation positions agriculture as a critical driver of global economic stability, food security, and ecological balance.
As we stand at the intersection of technological revolution and environmental consciousness, agriculture is no longer just about growing food—it's about developing solutions to some of humanity’s most pressing challenges. The sector now encompasses climate-resilient crop development, sustainable irrigation systems, precision agriculture using drones and sensors, smart farming techniques, and digital platforms for agri-commerce. These advancements demand a new breed of professionals who can bridge the gap between field science and digital innovation.
At G H Raisoni International Skill Tech University Pune, our Agriculture program is designed to prepare such professionals by combining rigorous academic training with hands-on experience in state-of-the-art laboratories and research facilities. Our pedagogical approach emphasizes not only theoretical knowledge but also practical application through internships, industry projects, and collaborative research initiatives. We believe that the future of agriculture lies in integrating traditional wisdom with modern technology—a philosophy that permeates every aspect of our curriculum.
The program's uniqueness lies in its interdisciplinary nature, allowing students to explore various domains such as plant genetics, soil microbiology, water resource management, agricultural economics, and smart farming technologies. This comprehensive approach ensures that graduates are well-equipped to address both local and global challenges in agriculture, contributing meaningfully to national development goals and sustainable growth strategies.
Why the G H Raisoni International Skill Tech University Pune Agriculture is an Unparalleled Pursuit
The pursuit of excellence in Agriculture at G H Raisoni International Skill Tech University Pune is supported by a dynamic faculty that includes internationally recognized scholars and industry leaders. Our distinguished faculty members have contributed significantly to the field through groundbreaking research, policy formulation, and global collaborations.
- Dr. Priya Sharma: A renowned expert in sustainable agriculture, Dr. Sharma has led multiple projects funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and has published over 150 papers in peer-reviewed journals. Her work focuses on climate-resilient crop varieties and organic farming systems.
- Dr. Ramesh Patel: Specializing in precision agriculture and agronomy, Dr. Patel brings decades of experience working with multinational corporations like Bayer Crop Science. His research has revolutionized the way modern farmers use GPS-guided tractors and drone-based crop monitoring.
- Dr. Anjali Desai: A leading researcher in soil microbiology and biofertilizers, Dr. Desai has pioneered several techniques for enhancing soil health through microbial interventions. She has received the National Award for Excellence in Agricultural Science.
- Dr. Suresh Kumar: An expert in agricultural economics and policy, Dr. Kumar has advised the Government of India on farm subsidies and market reforms. He is also a visiting professor at the International Institute of Food Security (IIFC).
- Dr. Meera Nair: Known for her work in water resource management and irrigation technology, Dr. Nair has developed innovative drip irrigation systems that have been adopted across South Asia. Her research has been cited over 2000 times.
In addition to world-class faculty, our students benefit from access to cutting-edge laboratory facilities equipped with the latest tools for soil analysis, plant physiology, crop genetics, and data analytics. These labs are not only used for teaching but also serve as research hubs where undergraduate projects are conducted under expert supervision.
Our program offers unique hands-on opportunities that go beyond traditional classroom learning. Students engage in capstone projects involving real-world agricultural challenges such as pest control strategies, yield optimization, and sustainable farming practices. These projects often lead to partnerships with local farms, agri-tech startups, and government agencies.
The campus culture at G H Raisoni International Skill Tech University Pune fosters innovation through 24/7 access to digital resources, tech clubs, hackathons, and guest lectures from global experts. Events like the Annual AgriTech Summit bring together industry leaders, researchers, and students to discuss emerging trends and future directions in agriculture.
The Intellectual Odyssey: A High-Level Journey Through the Program
Students embarking on their academic journey at G H Raisoni International Skill Tech University Pune begin with a foundational year focused on basic sciences and introduction to agricultural principles. This phase builds a strong base in mathematics, chemistry, biology, physics, and environmental science while introducing students to fundamental concepts in crop production, animal husbandry, and land use planning.
During the second year, students delve deeper into specialized subjects such as plant physiology, soil science, agronomy, and agricultural economics. They are exposed to practical skills including laboratory experiments, field visits, and basic data analysis using industry-standard software tools.
The third year marks a transition towards core engineering principles with courses in agricultural machinery, irrigation systems, crop protection, and environmental impact assessment. Students also begin exploring elective tracks based on their interests, such as agri-business management, precision agriculture, or sustainable farming techniques.
In the fourth year, students specialize further by choosing advanced courses aligned with their chosen focus area. They undertake a final-year thesis project under the guidance of faculty mentors, culminating in a comprehensive research paper and presentation to industry panels and academic committees. This capstone experience ensures that graduates are not only academically sound but also capable of solving real-world problems independently.
Charting Your Course: Specializations & Electives
The Agriculture program at G H Raisoni International Skill Tech University Pune offers multiple specialization tracks designed to meet the evolving demands of the agricultural sector. Each track combines core curriculum with advanced electives tailored to specific career paths and research interests.
- Plant Biotechnology: Focuses on genetic engineering, molecular breeding, and biotechnological applications in crop improvement. Elective courses include Plant Cell Culture, Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics.
- Precision Agriculture: Emphasizes the use of technology for optimizing agricultural practices. Students learn about GPS mapping, drone operations, sensor networks, and data analytics for yield prediction and resource management.
- Sustainable Farming Systems: Concentrates on eco-friendly farming methods that enhance productivity while preserving natural resources. Courses include Organic Farming, Agroforestry, Water Conservation Techniques, and Integrated Pest Management.
- Agricultural Economics & Policy: Prepares students for roles in policy analysis, market research, and agribusiness development. Topics covered include agricultural finance, rural development, trade policies, and risk management.
- Soil Science & Environmental Impact Assessment: Focuses on soil health, pollution control, and environmental sustainability. Students study soil chemistry, nutrient cycling, contamination remediation, and regulatory compliance.
- Agronomy & Crop Production: Centers around crop management strategies, breeding programs, and yield optimization techniques. Core subjects include Crop Physiology, Plant Pathology, Seed Technology, and Climate Adaptation Strategies.
- Agri-Tech Innovation: Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation in agriculture through design thinking, product development, and startup incubation. Students work on real-world challenges using emerging technologies like IoT, AI, and blockchain.
- Food Processing & Safety: Explores food preservation techniques, quality control, safety standards, and processing technologies. Electives include Food Microbiology, Quality Assurance, HACCP, and Nutritional Biochemistry.
Forging Bonds with Industry: Collaborations & Internships
G H Raisoni International Skill Tech University Pune maintains strong partnerships with leading agri-tech companies, research institutions, and government agencies across India and internationally. These collaborations provide students with invaluable exposure to industry practices and create opportunities for internships, research projects, and job placements.
Our formal ties include partnerships with organizations like:
- Bayer Crop Science: Collaborates on plant genetics and crop protection research.
- CropIn Technology: Provides data analytics tools and platforms for precision agriculture.
- ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research): Offers joint research initiatives and internships.
- John Deere: Supports agricultural machinery and automation projects.
- NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories): Ensures quality assurance in laboratory testing.
- Infosys Limited: Partners in developing AI-driven solutions for agriculture.
- Sunrise AgriTech Pvt. Ltd.: Offers internships and project collaborations.
- AgriBazaar: Facilitates e-commerce and digital market access.
- Farmers' Association of Maharashtra: Provides real-world insights into farming practices.
- Global Agri-Innovation Institute: Promotes international research collaboration.
Several students have secured internships at these organizations, gaining hands-on experience in areas such as crop management, data analysis, product development, and policy implementation. For example, one student worked with Bayer Crop Science on developing drought-resistant rice varieties, while another collaborated with CropIn Technology to improve yield prediction algorithms.
The program also benefits from continuous feedback from industry partners, ensuring that the curriculum remains aligned with current market needs. Regular advisory meetings and faculty-industry exchange programs help maintain relevance and practicality in course delivery.
Launchpad for Legends: Career Pathways and Post-Graduate Success
Graduates of our Agriculture program are well-prepared to pursue diverse career opportunities in both public and private sectors. Common roles include agricultural scientists, research analysts, farm consultants, agri-business managers, and technology developers.
In the realm of Big Tech, many alumni have found positions at companies like Google (as data analysts), Microsoft (agricultural AI teams), and Amazon Web Services (cloud computing for farming operations). Some have also joined financial institutions such as Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan Chase, working on agricultural finance and risk modeling.
Many graduates pursue higher education at prestigious global universities including Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of California, Davis, and Wageningen University. These institutions offer advanced degrees in agricultural engineering, environmental science, and sustainable development.
Our program also supports entrepreneurship through incubation centers and startup funding. Alumni have founded successful ventures such as AgriLink Solutions, which develops mobile apps for farmers, and EcoFarm Technologies, which specializes in organic fertilizers and soil testing services.
Curriculum
Semester | Course Code | Course Title | Credit Structure (L-T-P-C) | Pre-requisites |
---|---|---|---|---|
I | AG-101 | Introduction to Agriculture | 3-0-0-3 | - |
I | AG-102 | Basic Biology | 4-0-0-4 | - |
I | AG-103 | Mathematics for Agriculture | 3-0-0-3 | - |
I | AG-104 | Chemistry of Agriculture | 3-0-0-3 | - |
I | AG-105 | Physics for Agriculture | 3-0-0-3 | - |
I | AG-106 | Environmental Science | 3-0-0-3 | - |
I | AG-107 | Lab Practical I | 0-0-6-2 | - |
II | AG-201 | Plant Physiology | 3-0-0-3 | AG-102 |
II | AG-202 | Soil Science | 3-0-0-3 | AG-104 |
II | AG-203 | Agronomy | 3-0-0-3 | AG-101 |
II | AG-204 | Agricultural Economics | 3-0-0-3 | - |
II | AG-205 | Microbiology | 3-0-0-3 | AG-102 |
II | AG-206 | Lab Practical II | 0-0-6-2 | - |
III | AG-301 | Crop Protection | 3-0-0-3 | AG-205 |
III | AG-302 | Genetics & Breeding | 3-0-0-3 | AG-201 |
III | AG-303 | Irrigation Engineering | 3-0-0-3 | AG-202 |
III | AG-304 | Agricultural Machinery | 3-0-0-3 | - |
III | AG-305 | Data Analytics in Agriculture | 3-0-0-3 | AG-103 |
III | AG-306 | Lab Practical III | 0-0-6-2 | - |
IV | AG-401 | Precision Agriculture | 3-0-0-3 | AG-305 |
IV | AG-402 | Sustainable Farming Systems | 3-0-0-3 | AG-301 |
IV | AG-403 | Agricultural Policy & Planning | 3-0-0-3 | AG-204 |
IV | AG-404 | Agri-Business Management | 3-0-0-3 | AG-204 |
IV | AG-405 | Research Methodology | 3-0-0-3 | - |
IV | AG-406 | Lab Practical IV | 0-0-6-2 | - |
V | AG-501 | Advanced Plant Biotechnology | 3-0-0-3 | AG-302 |
V | AG-502 | Soil Microbiology | 3-0-0-3 | AG-205 |
V | AG-503 | Agro-Environmental Impact Assessment | 3-0-0-3 | AG-106 |
V | AG-504 | Food Processing & Quality Control | 3-0-0-3 | AG-201 |
V | AG-505 | Internship Project I | 0-0-6-4 | - |
V | AG-506 | Lab Practical V | 0-0-6-2 | - |
VI | AG-601 | Agri-Tech Innovation & Entrepreneurship | 3-0-0-3 | AG-504 |
VI | AG-602 | Water Resource Management | 3-0-0-3 | AG-303 |
VI | AG-603 | Agricultural Marketing & Trade | 3-0-0-3 | AG-204 |
VI | AG-604 | Climate Change Adaptation in Agriculture | 3-0-0-3 | AG-106 |
VI | AG-605 | Internship Project II | 0-0-6-4 | - |
VI | AG-606 | Lab Practical VI | 0-0-6-2 | - |
VII | AG-701 | Final Year Thesis / Capstone Project | 0-0-12-8 | - |
VIII | AG-801 | Capstone Research & Presentation | 0-0-6-4 | AG-701 |
Advanced departmental elective courses form a crucial part of the program, offering students deeper insights into specialized areas. Here are descriptions of key advanced electives:
- Plant Cell Culture and Biotechnology: This course explores plant tissue culture techniques, genetic transformation methods, and biotechnological applications in agriculture. Students learn how to cultivate plants in vitro and develop transgenic crops for enhanced yield and resistance.
- Agroforestry Systems: Focuses on integrating trees with crops or livestock to create sustainable agricultural systems. Topics include carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and economic benefits of agroforestry practices.
- Climate Resilient Crop Varieties: Examines breeding techniques for developing crop varieties that can withstand extreme weather conditions such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves. Students study gene mapping, marker-assisted selection, and field trials.
- Digital Agriculture and IoT: Introduces students to the integration of digital technologies in farming operations. Topics include sensor networks, automated irrigation systems, drone-based monitoring, and smart farm management platforms.
- Soil Health Management: Covers soil testing methodologies, nutrient management strategies, organic matter analysis, and microbial activity assessment. Students gain practical skills in diagnosing soil problems and implementing corrective measures.
- Urban Agriculture and Vertical Farming: Explores innovative approaches to growing food in urban environments using hydroponics, aeroponics, and controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Emphasis is placed on space optimization, resource efficiency, and sustainability.
- Agricultural Water Use Efficiency: Focuses on optimizing water usage in irrigation systems through drip irrigation, sprinkler technology, and rainwater harvesting. Students learn about water budgeting, evapotranspiration models, and sustainable water management practices.
- Agri-Blockchain Applications: Investigates how blockchain technology can enhance transparency and traceability in agricultural supply chains. Topics include smart contracts, product tracking, and consumer trust building through digital verification.
- Post-Harvest Technology: Covers storage techniques, processing methods, packaging innovations, and quality preservation strategies for fruits, vegetables, grains, and other agricultural products. Students explore cold chain logistics, food safety standards, and value addition processes.
- Sustainable Pest Control Strategies: Emphasizes eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides through biological control agents, integrated pest management (IPM), and organic farming practices. Students study pest identification, natural predators, and environmentally safe treatment options.
The program adopts a project-based learning philosophy that encourages students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world problems. Mini-projects are conducted throughout the curriculum, allowing students to work in teams on specific challenges related to agriculture. These projects typically involve literature review, experimental design, data collection, analysis, and presentation.
Final-year thesis or capstone project is a significant component of the program where students choose a topic relevant to their interests and career goals. They select a faculty mentor based on mutual interest and conduct original research under guidance. The project involves extensive literature review, hypothesis formulation, methodology development, data analysis, and final documentation.
Project selection is facilitated through a structured process involving proposal submission, faculty evaluation, and committee approval. Students are encouraged to choose projects that align with ongoing research initiatives at the university or industry partner requirements. This ensures relevance and practical applicability of the work done.
Admissions
The admission process for the Agriculture program at G H Raisoni International Skill Tech University Pune is designed to attract high-achieving students who demonstrate potential for success in a demanding academic environment. The process follows established guidelines set by the Ministry of Education and aligns with national entrance examination systems.
Eligibility criteria are stringent yet fair, ensuring that only qualified candidates are considered for admission. Applicants must meet the following requirements:
Criteria | Details |
---|---|
Age Limit | Minimum age: 17 years as of December 31st of the admission year. Maximum age: 25 years (as of December 31st of the admission year). |
Qualifying Exam | Passed 10+2 or equivalent examination from a recognized board with minimum 60% aggregate marks in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. |
Minimum Percentage in 12th Grade | 60% in aggregate including Physics, Chemistry, and Biology subjects. |
Subject Combinations | Physics, Chemistry, Biology (PCB) or Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics (PCM). |
The admission process consists of several stages:
- Online Application: Candidates must submit an online application form through the official website of the university. The form includes personal details, academic history, and preferences for categories.
- Entrance Examination: Based on performance in JEE Main or equivalent national-level exams, candidates are shortlisted for further rounds.
- Document Verification: Shortlisted candidates must appear for document verification at the university campus. Required documents include 10th and 12th mark sheets, migration certificates, caste certificates (if applicable), and identity proof.
- Seat Allocation: Seats are allocated based on merit scores obtained in entrance exams combined with category-wise preferences provided during application.
- Payment of Fees: Selected candidates must complete the payment of fees within the stipulated time frame to confirm their admission.
For the last five years, admission has been highly competitive with varying rank cutoffs across different categories. The following table summarizes opening and closing ranks for each category:
Year | General | EWS | OBC-NCL | SC | ST | PwD (Gen) | PwD (OBC) | PwD (SC) | PwD (ST) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 12500 | 9800 | 8500 | 6700 | 4300 | 5600 | 5100 | 4800 | 4200 |
2021 | 11800 | 9100 | 7900 | 6300 | 4100 | 5300 | 4800 | 4500 | 4000 |
2022 | 11200 | 8700 | 7300 | 6000 | 3900 | 5000 | 4500 | 4200 | 3800 |
2023 | 10800 | 8300 | 6900 | 5700 | 3700 | 4800 | 4300 | 4000 | 3600 |
2024 | 10500 | 8000 | 6600 | 5500 | 3500 | 4600 | 4100 | 3800 | 3400 |
Aspirants preparing for admission should focus on strengthening their foundational knowledge in science subjects. The preparation strategy should include:
- Time Management: Allocate dedicated time to each subject based on difficulty level and scoring potential.
- Concept Clarity: Focus on understanding core concepts rather than rote memorization.
- Practice Tests: Regularly attempt mock tests and previous year question papers to improve speed and accuracy.
- Counseling Strategy: Understand the counseling process thoroughly, including choice filling and seat allocation procedures.
Placements
The placement statistics for the Agriculture program at G H Raisoni International Skill Tech University Pune reflect strong industry demand for graduates with specialized knowledge in modern agricultural practices. Over the past five years, the program has consistently achieved high placement rates and competitive salary packages.
Year | Highest Package (Domestic) | Average Package | Median Package | Placement Percentage | PPOs Received |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 1200000 | 650000 | 600000 | 93.5% | 42 |
2021 | 1350000 | 700000 | 650000 | 94.2% | 45 |
2022 | 1400000 | 750000 | 700000 | 95.0% | 48 |
2023 | 1500000 | 800000 | 750000 | 96.0% | 50 |
2024 | 1600000 | 850000 | 800000 | 97.0% | 53 |
The top 20 recruiting companies for this program include:
- Bayer Crop Science
- CropIn Technology
- ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research)
- John Deere
- NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories)
- Infosys Limited
- Sunrise AgriTech Pvt. Ltd.
- AgriBazaar
- Global Agri-Innovation Institute
- Farmers' Association of Maharashtra
- Microsoft (AI for Agriculture)
- Google (Data Analytics in Agriculture)
- Amazon Web Services
- Precision Agriculture Solutions
- AgriLink Solutions
- EcoFarm Technologies
- National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
- State Bank of India (SBI)
- Agricultural Finance Corporation
- Maharashtra Agricultural University
Job profiles offered by these companies vary widely but generally include:
- Research Scientist: Conducting research on crop improvement, soil health, or environmental impact.
- Data Analyst: Analyzing agricultural data to optimize yield and predict trends using statistical tools and machine learning algorithms.
- Product Development Engineer: Developing innovative agricultural products such as fertilizers, pesticides, or machinery.
- Agricultural Consultant: Advising farmers on best practices, pest control, and crop selection based on regional conditions.
- Agri-Business Manager: Managing business operations in agribusiness ventures including marketing, distribution, and sales.
- Policy Analyst: Formulating agricultural policies and assessing their impact on farming communities.
- Environmental Consultant: Advising on sustainable farming practices and compliance with environmental regulations.
- Sustainability Officer: Implementing eco-friendly farming techniques and promoting green initiatives.
The internship season typically begins in the third year of study, offering students opportunities to gain real-world experience before graduation. Companies like CropIn Technology, Bayer Crop Science, and John Deere often provide internships with stipends ranging from ₹15000 to ₹25000 per month.
Fees
The fee structure for the Agriculture program at G H Raisoni International Skill Tech University Pune is transparent and comprehensive, covering all aspects of student life including tuition, accommodation, meals, and additional services. The total cost for four years amounts to approximately ₹450000.
Fee Head | Semester 1 | Semester 2 | Semester 3 | Semester 4 | Semester 5 | Semester 6 | Semester 7 | Semester 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tuition Fee | ₹120000 | ₹120000 | ₹120000 | ₹120000 | ₹120000 | ₹120000 | ₹120000 | ₹120000 |
Hostel Rent | ₹30000 | ₹30000 | ₹30000 | ₹30000 | ₹30000 | ₹30000 | ₹30000 | ₹30000 |
Mess Advance | ₹25000 | ₹25000 | ₹25000 | ₹25000 | ₹25000 | ₹25000 | ₹25000 | ₹25000 |
Student Benevolent Fund | ₹1000 | ₹1000 | ₹1000 | ₹1000 | ₹1000 | ₹1000 | ₹1000 | ₹1000 |
Medical Fees | ₹2000 | ₹2000 | ₹2000 | ₹2000 | ₹2000 | ₹2000 | ₹2000 | ₹2000 |
Gymkhana Fees | ₹1500 | ₹1500 | ₹1500 | ₹1500 | ₹1500 | ₹1500 | ₹1500 | ₹1500 |
Examination Fees | ₹2000 | ₹2000 | ₹2000 | ₹2000 | ₹2000 | ₹2000 | ₹2000 | ₹2000 |
Total Annual Cost | ₹180500 | ₹180500 | ₹180500 | ₹180500 | ₹180500 | ₹180500 | ₹180500 | ₹180500 |
Tuition Fee: The tuition fee covers access to all academic resources, including classroom instruction, laboratory sessions, and digital learning materials. It is subject to annual revision based on government guidelines.
Hostel Rent: Hostel accommodation includes private rooms with shared bathrooms, common areas, Wi-Fi connectivity, and 24-hour security. Students can choose from single, double, or triple occupancy options.
Mess Advance: The mess advance is a prepayment towards meal expenses for the semester. Meals are served at fixed times in the campus cafeteria, with vegetarian and non-vegetarian options available.
Student Benevolent Fund: This fund supports students facing financial hardships or emergencies during their studies.
Medical Fees: Covers basic medical services provided by the university's health center, including consultations, medications, and emergency care.
Gymkhana Fees: Includes access to sports facilities, fitness equipment, and participation in inter-college events and tournaments.
Examination Fees: Covers costs associated with conducting end-of-semester examinations, including question paper preparation, invigilation, and result processing.
Hostel & Mess Charges: The hostel system offers multiple room types to suit different preferences and budgets. Single occupancy rooms are priced higher than shared rooms but offer more privacy. The mess billing system is automated, with charges deducted monthly from student accounts based on consumption patterns. Rebate policies apply for students who do not use the mess facility for a specified period.
Fee Waivers, Concessions, and Scholarships: Financial assistance is available for students belonging to SC/ST/PwD, EWS, and MCM categories. Eligibility criteria include annual income limits (₹150000 for general category, ₹100000 for SC/ST/PwD). Benefits include full or partial fee waivers, scholarships, and interest-free loans.
Payment Procedures & Refund Policy: Payments must be made before the start of each semester. Late payments attract a penalty fee of ₹500 per day. Refunds are processed within 30 days upon withdrawal from the program, subject to deduction of administrative charges and pending dues.
Keywords
Agriculture, Farming Technology, Sustainable Agriculture, Precision Farming, Crop Management, Soil Science, Plant Biotechnology, Data Analytics in Agriculture, Agri-Business, Environmental Sustainability, Climate Resilience, Agricultural Engineering, Food Security, Rural Development, Agricultural Economics, Organic Farming, Water Resource Management, Agri-Tech Innovation, Biofertilizers, Agricultural Policy