Curriculum Overview
The curriculum for the Bachelor of Laws (LLB) program at Akal University Bathinda is designed to provide a comprehensive and dynamic educational experience. It combines theoretical knowledge with practical skills, ensuring that students are well-prepared for both academic and professional pursuits in the field of law.
| Semester | Course Code | Course Title | Credits (L-T-P-C) | Pre-requisites |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | LLB101 | Introduction to Law | 3-0-0-3 | None |
| I | LLB102 | Constitutional Law | 4-0-0-4 | LLB101 |
| I | LLB103 | Criminal Law | 4-0-0-4 | LLB101 |
| I | LLB104 | Civil Procedure | 3-0-0-3 | LLB101 |
| I | LLB105 | Contract Law | 4-0-0-4 | LLB101 |
| I | LLB106 | Legal Writing and Research | 3-0-0-3 | None |
| II | LLB201 | Property Law | 4-0-0-4 | LLB105 |
| II | LLB202 | Torts and Damages | 3-0-0-3 | LLB101 |
| II | LLB203 | Family Law | 3-0-0-3 | LLB101 |
| II | LLB204 | Labor and Employment Law | 3-0-0-3 | LLB101 |
| II | LLB205 | Law of Evidence | 3-0-0-3 | LLB101 |
| III | LLB301 | Corporate Law | 4-0-0-4 | LLB201 |
| III | LLB302 | International Human Rights | 3-0-0-3 | LLB102 |
| III | LLB303 | Environmental Law | 3-0-0-3 | LLB201 |
| III | LLB304 | Intellectual Property Rights | 3-0-0-3 | LLB201 |
| III | LLB305 | Banking and Financial Law | 3-0-0-3 | LLB301 |
| IV | LLB401 | Law of Torts | 3-0-0-3 | LLB202 |
| IV | LLB402 | Commercial Law | 3-0-0-3 | LLB301 |
| IV | LLB403 | Comparative Constitutional Law | 3-0-0-3 | LLB102 |
| IV | LLB404 | Public International Law | 3-0-0-3 | LLB202 |
| IV | LLB405 | Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility | 2-0-0-2 | None |
| V | LLB501 | Advanced Corporate Law | 3-0-0-3 | LLB301 |
| V | LLB502 | Human Rights Advocacy | 3-0-0-3 | LLB202 |
| V | LLB503 | Cybersecurity and Digital Rights | 3-0-0-3 | LLB101 |
| V | LLB504 | Environmental Policy and Regulation | 3-0-0-3 | LLB303 |
| V | LLB505 | Legal Research Methods | 2-0-0-2 | LLB106 |
| VI | LLB601 | Law and Society | 3-0-0-3 | LLB101 |
| VI | LLB602 | International Trade Law | 3-0-0-3 | LLB404 |
| VI | LLB603 | Dispute Resolution and Arbitration | 3-0-0-3 | LLB205 |
| VI | LLB604 | Capstone Project | 3-0-0-3 | LLB505 |
| VI | LLB605 | Legal Internship | 2-0-0-2 | None |
Advanced Departmental Elective Courses
The department offers a range of advanced elective courses that allow students to specialize in specific areas of interest:
- Law and Society: This course examines the relationship between law and social structures, focusing on how legal institutions influence and are influenced by societal norms and values. Students explore topics such as social justice, inequality, and human rights through a critical lens.
- International Trade Law: Designed for students interested in global commerce, this course covers WTO agreements, customs law, import/export regulations, and dispute settlement mechanisms in international trade.
- Dispute Resolution and Arbitration: Students learn about mediation, arbitration, conciliation, and negotiation techniques. The course includes practical simulations and exposure to real cases handled by professional mediators and arbitrators.
- Cybersecurity and Digital Rights: As digital technologies become increasingly central to modern life, this course explores legal frameworks governing data privacy, cybersecurity threats, online freedom of expression, and digital identity management.
- Environmental Policy and Regulation: This course delves into the legal aspects of environmental protection, including pollution control laws, climate change legislation, biodiversity conservation policies, and sustainable development practices.
- Human Rights Advocacy: Focused on global human rights law, this course covers international conventions, regional mechanisms, and national frameworks for protecting individual liberties and preventing abuses.
- Advanced Corporate Law: For students seeking deeper insights into corporate governance, this course explores complex issues such as insider trading, shareholder rights, mergers and acquisitions, and financial regulation within global markets.
- Comparative Constitutional Law: This comparative approach allows students to analyze constitutional systems across different countries and understand how legal traditions shape governance structures and individual protections.
- Public International Law: Students study the legal regime governing relations between nations, including international organizations, treaty law, diplomatic immunity, and territorial disputes.
- Legal Research Methods: A foundational course that equips students with skills in legal research, analysis, and writing. Topics include databases, citation formats, legal reasoning, and academic writing standards.
Project-Based Learning Philosophy
The department places a strong emphasis on project-based learning as an integral component of the curriculum. This approach encourages students to engage deeply with legal concepts through research, analysis, and practical application.
Mini-projects are assigned throughout the program to reinforce core competencies in legal reasoning and writing. These projects often involve case analyses, policy reviews, or comparative studies that help students develop critical thinking skills and professional expertise.
The final-year thesis or capstone project provides an opportunity for students to conduct independent research on a topic of their choice under the supervision of faculty mentors. The project involves extensive literature review, data collection, legal analysis, and submission of a comprehensive report. Students are encouraged to publish their findings in academic journals or present at conferences.
Faculty members guide students through the selection process, helping them identify relevant research topics, access necessary resources, and refine their methodologies. Regular feedback sessions ensure that projects progress smoothly and meet academic standards.